高一英語:besides, but, except的用法辨析
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besides, but, except 的用法辨析
1. 基本區(qū)別
三者都可表示“除外”,但 besides 表示一種累加關系,意指“除了什么之外,還有……”;而 except 或 but 則表示一種排除關系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有……”。如:
Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女兒也去看過他(即妻子女兒都去看過他)。
Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外,沒有一個人看過他(即只有他妻子去看過他)。
注:在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”,與but, except 同義。如:
No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,沒一個人通過考試。
2. 關于 but 與 except
(1) 兩者都可表示“除……外不再有……”,但含義上略有差別:but側重指意義的幾乎完整性,而 except 則側重指后面除去的部分。比較:
All are here but one. 除一個人都到了。
All are here except one. 還有一個人沒到。
(2) 在現代英語中,but 的介詞用法十分有限,一般說來,它只能用在下列詞語之后:
?、?no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等
?、?any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等
?、?every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等
④ all, none 等
?、?who, what, where 等
Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。
I haven't told anybody but you. 除你之外,我沒告訴任何人。
No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外沒有一個人對此有很大興趣。
一般說來,若沒有出現上述詞匯,就不宜使用介詞 but, 否則可能造成錯句。但是 except 卻沒有以上限制。比較:
正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,這扇窗戶從不打開。
誤:The window is never opened but in summer.