其實(shí)我GRE是去年年底考的，當(dāng)時(shí)考完很累，又在忙著申請(qǐng)大學(xué)，沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)寫(xiě)一篇總結(jié)。但是說(shuō)真的，準(zhǔn)備GRE的備考過(guò)程，本身就是一段值得回憶的人生經(jīng)驗(yàn)。筒子們，不要把GRE當(dāng)成一件讓人痛苦的事去做，而要想想過(guò)程中的所獲所得，這樣子你的學(xué)習(xí)效率會(huì)更高，而且你不僅僅是在準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)考試，更學(xué)到了很多東西，打開(kāi)了一個(gè)新的視野去看待。

1）選用好的工具去準(zhǔn)備復(fù)習(xí)。

我們生活在一個(gè)有各種方便學(xué)習(xí)工具的年代，應(yīng)該好好利用這些東西來(lái)準(zhǔn)備GRE。在這里我推薦以下幾種我用過(guò)的：

a.有道詞典 （這個(gè)APP可以裝在手機(jī)上，可以裝在電腦上，不管android/iOS還是windows/Mac都有版本，里面*有用的是一個(gè)叫有道單詞本的東西，記過(guò)的單詞，可以儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)，隨時(shí)隨地都可以看，還可以自行customize測(cè)試題）

b.你的手機(jī)里的各種GRE做題程序。尤其推薦iPad上一款叫GRE+, 由Arcadia Prep, Inc準(zhǔn)備的數(shù)學(xué)題。非常好。

c.EverNote （一個(gè)我放在iPad上可以隨時(shí)記作文靈感的app，手機(jī)上也有，記錄了所有的作文題，沒(méi)事翻出來(lái)一個(gè)看看然后想points）

2）瀏覽有用的網(wǎng)站

寄托、CD這些國(guó)內(nèi)知名的GRE備考網(wǎng)站我就不提了。

推薦Magoosh GRE blog。這個(gè)網(wǎng)站真的非常好。大家應(yīng)該去看。比什么Kaplan, Princeton Review來(lái)好得多，對(duì)GRE的分析很到位，很細(xì)膩。

3）看一些英文的新聞

比較簡(jiǎn)單的英文文章可以在The Atlantic, Good Magazine, New York Times看到。還有比較晦澀難懂的，譬如Barnes & Noble Review。鑒于GRE經(jīng)常時(shí)不時(shí)考一些book review的文章，看這個(gè)會(huì)有幫助。

啊，有點(diǎn)扯題了。我好想本來(lái)應(yīng)該討論作文的，結(jié)果討論成籠統(tǒng)的整個(gè)gre了。好吧，我現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始講我怎么準(zhǔn)備作文的。

1）首先是搜集材料。

寫(xiě)GRE作文里面有一個(gè)很有用的論證方法就是舉例論證。當(dāng)然有很多更抽象的方法可以來(lái)證明我們的觀點(diǎn)。但是舉例論證無(wú)疑是*容易的。那么例子從哪里來(lái)呢？與其去學(xué)習(xí)其他GRE作文的例子，不如自己搜集例子，這樣可以避免抄襲。而且自己得來(lái)的資料自己也比較熟悉。不會(huì)說(shuō)臨時(shí)忘記時(shí)間人物地點(diǎn)什么的。例子不宜多。太多記不住。每個(gè)分類的記錄幾個(gè)正的反的。比如，關(guān)于政治家的ethic problem，可以用，或者來(lái)做例子。每個(gè)分類都應(yīng)該有自己的例子。政治有政治的例子。歷史有歷史的例子。教育有教育的例子。如果能用時(shí)下最新新聞里報(bào)道的一些事來(lái)做例子，那是再好不過(guò)。讓改卷人耳目一新，而不是一直看著那幾個(gè)翻來(lái)覆去反復(fù)使用的舊故事。

2）分類準(zhǔn)備points

這里我強(qiáng)烈推薦大家去用《誰(shuí)來(lái)拯救我的GRE ISSUE》一書(shū)。寄托里有人分享下載。當(dāng)然，我沒(méi)有那么多的時(shí)間，去整本看完。我主要是看它的分類。一共有五大分類：歷史文化傳播， 思想文化行為，成長(zhǎng)學(xué)習(xí)教育，政治法律社會(huì)，科技生活時(shí)代。每個(gè)大分類之下，又把類似的文章分成幾個(gè)小類別。所以，只要這些小類別，你都去想想一些points，正反的觀點(diǎn)。然后看看你那幾個(gè)自己備用的例子能不能adapt上去，就相當(dāng)于整個(gè)題目你已經(jīng)提前審題好了。

我來(lái)一個(gè)example吧，關(guān)于政治家的道德， 有以下兩個(gè)小題目：

104: To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. (Claim)

107: To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. (Statement)

我的提綱是這樣的：

Introduction: I fundamentally agree that public officials must adhere to high ethical and moral standards which are beneficial to the their leadership as well as the society, although it is not their political duty to pursue the highest uprightness in morality.

First of all, public morality and successful leadership are for sure closely connected.

Consider many leaders, such as Hitler, whom most people would agree were egregious violators of public morality -> such leaders forfeit their leadership as a result of the immoral means by which they obtained or wielded their power.

Watergate scandal (a break-in into Democratic National Committee offices before American election and the subsequent attempts in cover-up by Nixon; Nixon administration's abuse of power toward the goal of undermining political opposition). President Nixon, whose contempt for the very legal system that afforded him his leadership led to his forfeiture of it.

The leader has a social responsibility to be morally upright in order to set a good example for the society

All the people who deal with him, whether those working under him or the common people , look up to him. He has responsibilities that he has to fulfill. Such an official needs to be exemplary by setting moral standards . This is because a good leader should act as a motivator and the best motivation to adhere to rules and regulations can be provided by a leader if he practices the regulations himself.

Bill Clinton: Although he was involved in the Lewinsky Scandal , he was considered to be an effective leader. But immorality is very infectious and could creep into the system very quickly . Thus people who would not support my stand could have Mr. Clinton as an excuse for being effective without being a man of morals and integrity. If moral values are compromised by leaders or if they are found to be involved in scandals , their image is smeared in the eyes of the people . Their decisions are scrutinized and their motives will be doubted. This would lead to ineffective leadership. He could have been a more effective leader if he would not have been involved in such a scandal. He admitted his mistake and finally he ,too stuck to morality to salvage his lost pride .

However, it is unrealistic to demand highest or complete pureness in politicians' morality.

In Machiavellians' political thoughts, it is of most importance for politicians to maintain his power and orderliness of the state instead of pursuit of justice.

Politicians are ruling a world which is itself not morally good.

Some prominent figures lie, not for self-serving reasons, but in attempt to secure what they saw as morally important political goals.

In those elections, you can't expect whatever the candidate says is true. They are using political tactics or tricks to convince the electorate to vote for them.

As long as ... then it is okay.

這個(gè)提綱可能過(guò)于詳細(xì)了。但是你要知道，經(jīng)常這樣去brainstorm，有時(shí)候一個(gè)題目總是忍不住就會(huì)有很多想法，于是靈感就來(lái)了。東西也寫(xiě)出來(lái)了。再給一個(gè)比較難的提綱，關(guān)于藝術(shù)的。同樣，是《誰(shuí)來(lái)拯救我的GRE ISSUE》那本書(shū)的一個(gè)分類，叫“藝術(shù)與可理解性”。

55: In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people. (Statement)

Introduction: I fundamentally disagree with the claim because there are many invaluable artistic works which are not understood by most common people. （首先想好自己的立場(chǎng)）

1.The artists might be ahead of time and produce works which are not appreciated and understood by contemporary people. （靈感來(lái)了，記下）

1.Visual arts, Vincent van gogh. （的例子。這個(gè)例子去熟悉一下，以后藝術(shù)的題還可以重復(fù)用）

2.Nowadays people appreciate the impressive strokes and colors used in his paintings. Many works received high acclaims such as the starry night.

3.However his works were ignored when he was alive.

2.The artistic beauty of a good piece of work might be appealing even though people do not truly understand it's meaning.

1.song can be merited even if its lyrics are not understandable. The music of the song can be appealing even though it is in a different language. The synthesis of sounds of various musical instruments can create an extremely mellifluous tune attracting people and surpassing the fact that they do not understand its meaning. This explains songs being popular globally.

2.People feel the emotions, although they interpret it differently in mixture with their emotions.

3.Sometimes the merits of a work can only be judged by select group of people.

1.Shakespeare's works.

2.There are very few people who understand Shakespeare’s plays in its original form. Yet it is truly known work of merit. This is because people need a level of literary skills to be able to comprehend it. This brings it to a higher than the ordinary literary works and sets it apart. The very fact that most people cannot understand some literary works grants it merit, as it needs skill to understand it.

還有法律方面的提綱，一個(gè)小分類叫“不公平的法律”。

Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.

Introduction: I fundamentally agree that we should obey just laws and stand against unjust laws, though the definitions of 'just' and 'unjust' should not clearly stated.

Just: agreed by the majority of rational adults and has an intended purpose to maintain stability and prosperity of the society.

Unjust: disagreed by majority and are meant to harm the society as a whole.

People need to strictly abide by the just laws to ensure orderliness of the society, and consequently benefit each of us.

speed limit in highways. Anyone violating it must be fined or jailed.

Need to obey to ensure safety and well being of all road users.

2. Some laws are based on racial or gender discrimination and are inherently unfair.

Women in Islamic countries

According to no. 308 in Jordanian criminal laws, rapist can be exonerated if he wants to marry with the victim. Otherwise, killed by her brother or father to protect the reputation of the family.

The women are not treated equally as men. They have very little freedom and those women who breach the laws are inflicted various punishments. If they submissively accept these baseless restrictions then their life would become even more miserable. The women there need to open there eyes and protest against these biased rules.

laws never consider the well-being of women.

3. Some Laws are meant to protect the interests of the authority, instead of the people.

China prohibit public to protest, even if it is peaceful.Disallow people to voice out their own opinions on governments.

This is to force people to accept whatever the government has done and citizens have no right to complain or protest when they think it is wrong.

Conclusion. Most people would naturally respond with outrage to unjust laws which violate the common moral standards.

3）以上講了怎么去搜集材料，怎么去根據(jù)文章分類來(lái)brainstorm和列提綱。不過(guò)*重要的，是你要有幾次練筆的機(jī)會(huì)。很多人因?yàn)閷?duì)寫(xiě)作文本身就有一種恐懼感，總覺(jué)得“不知道怎么寫(xiě)啊”，于是遲遲不去動(dòng)筆。這是錯(cuò)誤的。從來(lái)不去嘗試，根本找不到感覺(jué)，就算你列再多的提綱，看再多的范文，也很難有那種考場(chǎng)上筆很順的感覺(jué)。另外一個(gè)極端的情況是，不停的寫(xiě)，不停的寫(xiě)，卻從來(lái)不去問(wèn)自己有哪些地方需要improve，這也是錯(cuò)誤的。對(duì)于語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，當(dāng)然找個(gè)朋友幫忙看一下是沒(méi)問(wèn)題。但是有一些邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤，其實(shí)平時(shí)不一定要直接把作文給朋友看（朋友可能很忙），而是跟朋友討論一下，這樣一個(gè)題目，我這樣一個(gè)思路，邏輯對(duì)不對(duì)，好不好，會(huì)不會(huì)很幼稚，會(huì)不會(huì)很怪，有沒(méi)有更讓人耳目一新的表達(dá)手法，等等。關(guān)于開(kāi)寫(xiě)，*需要把握的是自己的時(shí)間。

有兩種寫(xiě)作時(shí)間的掌控方法。

3.1）一種是按部就班。先花五分鐘涉及全文思路，然后開(kāi)始introduction, paragraph 1, paragraph 2那樣寫(xiě)個(gè)梗概。例子先不寫(xiě)。論證先不寫(xiě)。但是有個(gè)文章的枝干在那里。直到所有的points都列出來(lái)了，開(kāi)始填進(jìn)去例子和論證。

3.2）有些人容易在introduction那里卡半天。這種情況我建議直接開(kāi)始寫(xiě)paragraph 1，然后文章軸心部分寫(xiě)完了，回頭填一個(gè)introduction?？梢员苊饫速M(fèi)時(shí)間在introduction上，導(dǎo)致文章主干部分沒(méi)時(shí)間寫(xiě)。

我個(gè)人是屬于3.2比較適用的。大家可以根據(jù)自己的情況酌情進(jìn)行處理。

關(guān)于上篇中的一些注解以及FAQ

1.上篇中的3.1) 3.2)的寫(xiě)作方法就是在Magoosh里面video講解看到的，覺(jué)得對(duì)自己用處特別大，寫(xiě)出來(lái)讓那些沒(méi)機(jī)會(huì)看到的同學(xué)們看。

2.拯救我的新GRE Issue里面說(shuō)的比較寬泛，所以要我們讀者自己去學(xué)會(huì)取其中對(duì)我們有用的部分。就像字典一樣，我們沒(méi)時(shí)間和精力整個(gè)讀完。但可以挑里面你個(gè)人覺(jué)得比較容易記的部分去看。

Q1：每一類寫(xiě)了多少篇？

每一個(gè)大分類的文章其實(shí)寫(xiě)一篇就夠了，找到那個(gè)類別的文章的感覺(jué)就成，小分類要是各寫(xiě)一篇會(huì)寫(xiě)死的。我是說(shuō)大分類，即歷史，教育，科學(xué)，政治。如此這般。

Q2：我寫(xiě)GRE的硬傷就是打字太慢，基本只能寫(xiě)別人的三分之二。

慢慢來(lái)，多練習(xí)打英文字，可以培養(yǎng)速度。建議上一些英文跟人argue。如果實(shí)在太慢了，就不要寫(xiě)三個(gè)points。寧愿花多點(diǎn)時(shí)間好好illustrate two points，會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得你每個(gè)idea都論證得很飽滿，而不是有很多idea但每個(gè)都是走馬觀花。

Q3：能不能介紹下句式語(yǔ)言和詞匯怎么提高，我目前在看新4然后練筆的時(shí)候盡量模仿做過(guò)的閱讀的句子用法。

如果是verbal的句式語(yǔ)言和詞匯，那當(dāng)然是越千奇百怪越好。但是在寫(xiě)analytical writing，我比較推薦用簡(jiǎn)單直接的語(yǔ)言，表達(dá)復(fù)雜的思想。平時(shí)看一些英文的新聞。仔細(xì)看作者表達(dá)的方式。然后用自己的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出來(lái)?？纯醋约簩?xiě)的東西是不是看起來(lái)很直接很好懂，同時(shí)又能表達(dá)出原文的意思。Verbal里面很多倒裝句，有時(shí)候ETS會(huì)故意把原文搞復(fù)雜來(lái)考你。如果你的英文造詣很高，當(dāng)然可以用到writing去。不過(guò)如果不行，就會(huì)弄巧成拙。所以我建議用簡(jiǎn)單句子、簡(jiǎn)單詞匯，加以適當(dāng)?shù)摹⒖梢钥刂频膹?fù)雜度，去寫(xiě)analytical writing。