初二英語:掌握確定動(dòng)詞非謂語形式的方法
發(fā)布者:網(wǎng)上發(fā)布
如果所填的動(dòng)詞在句子中不作謂語,那么就應(yīng)考慮用動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式主要有:動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、過去分詞等。到底采用哪一種形式,要根據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配、各種非謂語形式的用途和特點(diǎn)、修辭及句子結(jié)構(gòu)的要求等方面來決定。
1. 在be busy,what about,how about等之后用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。例如: What about playing football now?
2. 在介詞之后一般動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用-ing形式。例如:He does well in playing basketball.
3. 在keep,enjoy,finish,mind等動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。 例如:You kept forgetting to bring your book.
4. 在動(dòng)詞decide,hope,wish,plan等后面用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,而在ask,tell,order,invite之后用動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),即“ask sb to do sth”的形式。例如: Li Lei decided to help Mary with her English. Mr Smith asked me to help him.
5. 在see,hear,watch,notice,let,make,help 等后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式可省略不定式符號(hào) to. 例如:A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.
6. 在It‘s time(for sb) to do sth / It’s very kind (nice,good) of sb to do sth / It takes sb some time to do sth的句型中使用不定式短語作句子的真正主語。例如:It‘s time for us to go to school.
7. “疑問代 / 副詞(why除外) +to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可做主語、表語或賓語。例如:The question is when to start. I don‘t know where to go.
「實(shí)例操作」
用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。
1. Tom didn‘t know where ________(go) .
2. The boy ________(stand) under the tree is my brother Jim.
3. Books ________(write) in easy English are very popular in middle schools of China.
4. The old men enjoy ________(listen) to the singing of the birds.
5. Tom told his teacher he______( not finish ) his homework yet.
6. Hurry up!The play________ (be on ) for ten minutes.
7. Do you know if he ________ back next week?If he ________ back,please let me know. (come)
8. —When ________ this kind of computer ________?—Last year. (use )
9. —Hi!Lin Tao. I didn‘t see you at the party.
—Oh,I ________ (get) ready for the maths exam.
10. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ________ (be ) Christmas Day.
「答案與解析」
1. 動(dòng)詞go的邏輯主語是Tom,須用go的不定式形式。在此,where to go作賓語。
2. 主語boy與動(dòng)詞stand是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,句中又有謂語,故須用動(dòng)詞stand的現(xiàn)在分詞形式standing,與其后的介詞短語構(gòu)成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作句中主語的定語。
3. 主語books與動(dòng)詞write是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,句中又有謂語,故須用動(dòng)詞write的過去分詞形式written,與其后的介詞短語構(gòu)成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作句中主語的定語。
4. enjoy,practise,finish,prefer等動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語時(shí),其后常用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。故正確答案是:listening.
5. 若主句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí),則其從句謂語動(dòng)詞須用過去時(shí)的某種形式。故正確答案是hadn‘t finished.
6. has been on.since后接時(shí)間的起點(diǎn),for后接時(shí)間段,主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),應(yīng)注意瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的使用。
7. will come;comes.if既可引導(dǎo)賓語從句,也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時(shí),相當(dāng)于whether,詞義是“是否”。充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時(shí),詞義是“如果”。從時(shí)態(tài)看,if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化;引導(dǎo)表示將來動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的條件狀語從句時(shí),若主句用一般將來時(shí),則從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
8. was;used.此題由下句的時(shí)間狀語推斷出一般過去時(shí),并且要考慮到使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
9. was getting.此題由didn‘t,at the party推斷出應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
10. is.有些句子其動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是“違背常理”的。如賓語從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)或客觀真理時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。