新概念二冊語法知識結(jié)構(gòu)
發(fā)布者:網(wǎng)上發(fā)布
1.簡單句的結(jié)構(gòu): 主語+謂語+賓語+狀語(地點(diǎn)狀語+方式狀語+時間狀語)時間狀語還可以放在句首
2. 一般現(xiàn)在時,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時感嘆句:what+名詞+主語+謂語, how+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語頻度副詞:位于主語和謂語之間,常見頻度副詞及其程度的深淺:always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, neverI always buy CDs on Sundays.3. 一般過去時直接賓語和間接賓語:主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象,間接賓語是及物動詞的動作所涉及的人或事務(wù),也可以說間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的,或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔(dān)當(dāng)。 He gives me a book.me間接賓語, a book直接賓語直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調(diào)換時要加一個介詞to或for,to表示動作對誰而做, for表示動作為誰而做。主語+及物動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語Give the book to me.Send a letter to him.I bought a coat for my mother.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時,注意頻度及時間副詞的位置 receive/take5. 復(fù)習(xí):一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別in the way/on the way/in this way/by the way/in a way/get out of my way/Don’t stand in my way./by the way/no wayspare/to spare6. 冠詞用法(一)1. 不定冠詞用于修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,當(dāng)一個單詞的第*個發(fā)音為元音時要用冠詞an, 如果是輔音用a即可。2. 不定冠詞還可以用來修飾一類事物,有時候也可以省略:A cat is a lovely animal. Cat is a lovely animal.3. 不可數(shù)名詞加冠詞表示一類事物:Apple is a fruit.4. 如果特制某人,某物或上文提過的人或物時要用定冠詞the5. Some表示一些,可以修飾可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞。6. 在姓名,城市,地名,過名,月份,節(jié)日,星期前不加冠詞,季節(jié)前也一般不加,特指時加。put on/take off/look for/look after/knock at/knock sth. off/knock off/knock %off/knock over/knock out7. 過去進(jìn)行時,時間狀語短語:在短語中動詞后面的介詞或副詞叫小品詞,有些小品詞既可以緊跟在動詞后面也可以跟在動詞的賓語后面,而有些則只能緊跟著動詞使用。8. 形容詞的比較級與*高級單音節(jié)詞的比較級*高級:u 直接加-er, -est: small-smaller, smallestu 以e結(jié)尾的加-r, -st: large-larger, largestu 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i加-er, -est: busy-busier, busiestu 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加-er, -est:big-bigger, biggest以ow, er, le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞和個別單音節(jié)詞也直接加-er, -est:narrow, common, clever, simple,polite, quiet…多音節(jié)詞及雙音節(jié)詞:more/less, most/lest不規(guī)則變化:good/bad/many/little/far…少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞也要通過加more/less, most/lest構(gòu)成比較級和*高級:pleased, glad, tired, fond,注意:形容詞*高級前面要加定冠詞the 不定代詞的用法,如果不定代詞做主語,謂語動詞要用單數(shù):Everyone is here.enter/enter for9. 介詞(表示時間)u in:表示一天中的某段時間:in the morning/afternoon/evening表示月份/年份:in March, in 1990表示季節(jié):in spring/winterin+一段時間可以表示在一段時間之內(nèi)也可以表示在一段時間之后,可以與現(xiàn)在時,過去時和將來時連用。u on:表示星期:on Monday表示具體日期:on June 1st表示具體時間:on that day/that evening/on that nightu at:表示確切時間:at 10 o’clock表示用餐時間:at lunch time/teatime表示其他時刻:at noon/night/midnight, at this timeu during+一段時間u from…tillu till/untill直到not any=no,語氣更強(qiáng)10. 被動語態(tài):結(jié)構(gòu):be+過去分詞用法:u 主語不清或不需要提及時I was born in 1999. The apple was eaten. u 強(qiáng)調(diào)不同的主語時,為了說明動作是誰做的,用by+動作執(zhí)行者The policeman caught the thief. The thief was caught by the policeman.Be made in/be made of/be made from/be made by雙重名詞所有格:one of +形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格+名詞復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格one of my father’s friends/a friend of my father’sone of my friends/a friend of mineone of your records/a record of yours1. 復(fù)習(xí)動詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)的用法:want/help/ask/teach/advise . to do, 代詞要用賓格形式borrow/lend, salary/wages2. 一般將來時:be going to結(jié)構(gòu)的用法be+副詞詞組:be away/be back/be out/be in/be over/be on/be up to ./sth.set out=set off, set up=create3. 將來進(jìn)行時:名詞所有格:如果名詞復(fù)數(shù)以S結(jié)尾一般只加‘,如果名詞是以S結(jié)尾的專有名詞如人名,可以加’S, 也可以直接加‘,如:Keats’ work, the Johns’ house 名詞所有格也可以用來表示無生命的1. 時間:today’s, new centry’s2. 國家,城市名詞:the country’s, the city’s3. 機(jī)構(gòu)組織:the station’s waiting room, the university’s library4. 車,船,用具: the car’s wheel, the computer’s harddisk5. 專有結(jié)構(gòu):at one’s wit’s end,6. 價值:ten pound’s worth of meat, 7. 時間:in twenty minutes’ time4. 過去完成時:ask/ask forexcept/except for/apart fromwhich of/neither of/both of/neither of5. 直接引語/間接引語(一)如果引語的主句所用動詞為過去時,那么間接引語要做相應(yīng)變化:時態(tài),人稱,時間地點(diǎn)及指示詞u 時態(tài)變化:一般現(xiàn)在時——一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時——過去進(jìn)行時一般過去時——過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時——過去完成時一般將來時——過去將來時be going to——was/were going to/wouldcan--------couldmay--------mightu 時間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化:here—there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day, this—that…u 人稱變化:根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。Nervous/irritableOffice/study/deskafford6. 條件狀語從句:主句用將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)“能夠”,“必須”還可以用情態(tài)動詞police/policemanpay attention to/care for/take care ofremind/rememberone/you可以指任何人: One must never tell lies. You must never tell lies.7. 情態(tài)動詞:must/have toas作為介詞,以…身份,與like相同as作為連詞,因?yàn)?,正?dāng)。。。時候,以。。。方式,如同。。。那樣dress/suit/costumegrow/grow up8. have用法give in, give away, give up, give upbeside/besides9. can/could/may/might might as well表示“還是。。。的好”,“還不如。。?!盚e will never pass. He might as well give up.10. 動名詞:動名詞1. 動詞的-ing形式在起名詞作用時稱為動名詞。動名詞可以做主語,標(biāo)語,賓語,介詞賓語定語(即復(fù)合名詞)2. 動名詞的幾種形式:
主動形式被動形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done
3. 做主語:Finding work is difficult now.Watching TV is my favorite pastime.4. 做表語:My main hobby is reading. One of her duties is growing roses.My job is teaching.5. 做賓語:I like taking with famous people.We enjoy learning English. The flowers need watering.6. 介詞賓語:He is fond of watching football matches.He went away without saying a word.常用的一些加動名詞的動詞詞組(注意總結(jié)):take part in, look forward to , insist on, be interested in,7. 做定語:waiting room, swimming pool, washing machine, reading room, living room, drinking fountain(引水機(jī)), parking slot…8. 動名詞的否定:在動名詞前面加not,I am sorry for not asking you.Interested/interesting, excited/exciting, amused/amusing